Researchers from the University of São Paulo (USP) and the Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL) have conducted a comprehensive investigation into hazardous chemicals in plastic toys sold in Brazil. Published in the journal Exposure and Health, the study examined 70 toys, both imported and locally produced, marking it as the most extensive research of its kind in the country.
The investigation, supported by FAPESP, revealed that a significant number of toys did not meet safety standards established by Brazil's National Institute of Metrology, Quality, and Technology (INMETRO) and European Union regulations. Barium was identified as a major concern, with 44.3% of samples exceeding safe limits, some by up to 15 times. Exposure to barium can lead to serious health issues, including heart and nervous system problems.
Additionally, elevated levels of lead, chromium, and antimony were found. Lead levels surpassed the permitted limits in 32.9% of toys, posing risks of neurological harm in children. Antimony and chromium were detected above safe thresholds in 24.3% and 20% of the samples, respectively.
The researchers selected toys aimed at diverse socioeconomic groups and purchased them from various retailers to reflect market variety. They employed advanced testing methods, including inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and microwave-assisted acid digestion, to accurately measure toxic elements.
In total, 21 toxic elements were identified, raising concerns about potential health risks from exposure. The study also offered insights into the sources of contamination in the toy production chain, suggesting correlations between certain metals and manufacturing practices.
The findings underscore the ongoing need for stricter enforcement of safety standards in toy manufacturing to safeguard children's health, as highlighted by the researchers.