Pennsylvania health officials reported Tuesday that two unvaccinated Lancaster County residents died from measles, the first measles-associated deaths recorded in the state in 35 years and the first reported nationally this year. Officials released no further details about the individuals.
The deaths occurred amid a statewide outbreak centered in Lancaster County that has infected hundreds of people. Nationwide, more than 2,700 measles cases have been reported this year, the highest annual total since the United States declared the disease eliminated in 2000. Cases recorded during the past two years exceed the combined total from 2000 through 2024.
Measles is a highly contagious viral illness that can cause fever, rash, cough and other symptoms. Although some infections are mild, roughly one in four patients is hospitalized. Young children, pregnant women and older adults face increased risks of severe illness. No specific treatment exists.
Health authorities say the two-dose measles, mumps and rubella vaccine is 97% effective at preventing measles and can reduce complications among infected people. Community vaccination rates above 95% are generally considered necessary for strong herd immunity.
National MMR coverage among kindergarteners declined from above 95% in 2019-2020 to 92.4% in 2025-2026. Pennsylvania’s rate was about 93%, while Lancaster County’s was below 88%. Estimates suggest approximately one-quarter of the county’s Amish population is vaccinated against measles.
The decline began during the COVID-19 pandemic and has continued amid political debate over vaccine policy. President Donald Trump recently ordered changes to the childhood vaccine schedule and called for the combined MMR shot to be separated, citing safety concerns. Medical organizations disputed the scientific basis for those measures.
Officials recommend routine vaccination and advise parents of infants, as well as adults with uncertain immunization histories, to consult health professionals about whether additional or updated doses are appropriate according to circumstances and exposure.