Recent research from the University of Surrey, John Innes Centre, and Quadram Institute Bioscience has raised questions about the effects of vitamin D2 supplementation on levels of vitamin D3, the more efficacious form of the vitamin. The study, published in Nutrition Reviews, analyzed data from various randomized controlled trials and found that taking vitamin D2 can lead to a decrease in the body's vitamin D3 levels, particularly during the winter months when sunlight exposure is limited.
Vitamin D is essential for bone and immune health, and the UK government recommends a daily intake of 10 micrograms (µg) of vitamin D, especially during the colder months. The two primary forms of vitamin D supplements are D2 and D3. The research indicates that D2 supplementation may not only be less effective but can also lead to lower concentrations of D3, which the body synthesizes from sunlight and utilizes more effectively.
Emily Brown, the lead researcher, emphasized that while vitamin D supplements are important, the findings suggest that individuals may benefit more from vitamin D3 than D2. Supporting this notion, previous research led by Professor Colin Smith indicated that vitamin D3 has a unique role in immune function, particularly in stimulating the type I interferon signaling system, which is crucial for defending against pathogens.
The study calls for further investigation to clarify the distinct roles of vitamin D2 and D3, particularly in the context of public health. Professor Martin Warren from the Quadram Institute highlighted the significance of addressing vitamin D deficiency as a public health issue, advocating for the accessibility of effective vitamin D supplementation options.