High blood pressure, or hypertension, can develop in seemingly healthy individuals, even if they exercise regularly, eat a healthy diet, and don't smoke. There are two types of hypertension: primary and secondary. Primary hypertension is high blood pressure from an unknown cause, often stemming from family history, genetics, lifestyle choices, and other factors. Secondary hypertension is high blood pressure caused by an underlying illness or condition such as kidney failure, sleep apnea, preeclampsia, or thyroid disease.
According to the CDC, nearly 50% of U.S. adults have stage 1 or stage 2 hypertension. This condition can lead to heart disease, the leading cause of death in U.S. adults, but only 1 in 4 people with high blood pressure have it under control.
Martin Cassels, a seemingly healthy individual, was diagnosed with high blood pressure in his 40s despite maintaining a normal weight and exercising regularly. He tried losing weight to lower his blood pressure, but it had the opposite effect. He eventually started taking medication, which stabilized his blood pressure levels.
Primary hypertension accounts for around 90% of high blood pressure cases in the U.S. It can be influenced by genetic factors, such as inheriting certain genes from hypertensive parents. Obesity, excessive salt intake, lack of physical activity, socioeconomic status, and lack of health insurance can also contribute to hypertension.
Hypertension is often called the "silent killer" because it can lead to heart attacks or strokes without warning or clear early signs. Symptoms may include headaches, vision changes, difficulty focusing, chest discomfort, and fatigue. Regular checkups with a primary care doctor are crucial for detecting high blood pressure.
Prevention and management of primary hypertension involve regular blood pressure checks, maintaining a healthy weight, reducing salt intake, engaging in regular exercise, eating a balanced diet, and getting enough sleep.
In conclusion, high blood pressure can develop in seemingly healthy individuals due to various factors. Regular monitoring, a healthy lifestyle, and appropriate medical treatment can help prevent and manage primary hypertension.