The NHS in England and Wales is set to make teplizumab available, the first medicine shown to delay the onset of type 1 diabetes. The immunotherapy can postpone symptoms, and the need for lifelong insulin treatment, by an average of about three years in people identified at an early stage.
Type 1 diabetes occurs when the immune system attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Unlike type 2 diabetes, it is not primarily linked to weight. Once symptoms develop, patients must monitor blood glucose and use insulin injections or pumps, while managing risks from both low and high blood sugar.
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence described its recommendation as significant, estimating that about 1,100 adults and children could be eligible in the first year. Around 820 people a year may receive it after initial demand is addressed. The published price is about £150,000 per course, though the NHS has agreed a confidential discount with Sanofi.
Teplizumab must be given before symptoms appear, through daily hospital infusions over 14 days. That requirement makes early identification important. The UK does not currently have routine NHS screening for type 1 diabetes, although charities support wider testing. Most eligible patients are expected to be found through research studies, family history, or blood tests conducted for other reasons.
Families affected by type 1 diabetes say even a delay could reduce the burden on children and parents. The article cites Theo Sebastian-Jenkins, diagnosed at four, and Dima Boichak, who received teplizumab after research screening found he was at high risk.
Patient groups and researchers view the decision as a step toward future immune-based treatments. NICE guidance applies in England and Wales. Scotland and Northern Ireland make separate decisions, with Scottish advice expected in 2027. Campaigners are also pressing for broader screening to identify candidates.