Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) affects approximately one in three individuals over the age of 80, contributing to significant central vision loss. In the United States, around 20 million adults aged 40 and older are living with this condition, with the majority suffering from the "dry" form, characterized by gradual vision impairment and currently lacking effective treatment options.
Researchers from Aalto University have proposed a new method to potentially slow or halt the progression of dry AMD by enhancing the natural defense mechanisms of retinal cells. This innovative approach involves the application of controlled heat to the affected retinal tissue. Professor Ari Koskelainen notes that age-related decline in cellular functionality leads to oxidative stress, causing proteins to misfold and aggregate, contributing to AMD.
The technique developed by the researchers employs near-infrared light to gently warm the retinal area while monitoring temperature in real-time. This precise control is crucial, as excessive heat can damage tissue. The induced heat may stimulate the production of heat shock proteins, which assist in repairing misfolded proteins, or activate the autophagy process, which recycles damaged proteins.
Initial animal studies have shown promising results, and human clinical trials are expected to commence in Finland in spring 2026, focusing first on the safety of the treatment. Koskelainen emphasizes that the treatment will require repetition, as the protective response may diminish after a few days.
The research findings were published in Nature Communications, and the team has established a spin-off company, Maculaser, to facilitate the clinical application of this therapy. The aim is to have the treatment available in hospital eye clinics within three years, potentially offering new hope for those affected by dry AMD.