Preliminary research presented at the American Heart Association's Hypertension Scientific Sessions 2025 highlights a concerning trend regarding the use of salt substitutes among adults with high blood pressure in the U.S. Despite evidence suggesting that these substitutes can effectively lower sodium intake and help manage blood pressure, the study found that fewer than 6% of U.S. adults utilize them.
The research analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2003 to 2020, revealing that overall salt substitute use peaked at 5.4% in 2013-2014, before dropping to just 2.5% by early 2020. Among adults eligible to use salt substitutes—those without kidney issues or medications affecting potassium levels—usage ranged from 2.3% to 5.1%. Notably, individuals with high blood pressure who were on medication showed slightly higher usage rates, yet most still relied on regular salt.
High blood pressure, which affects approximately 122.4 million adults in the U.S. and is a leading cause of cardiovascular complications, is often exacerbated by excessive sodium intake. The American Heart Association recommends a daily sodium limit of 2,300 mg, ideally less than 1,500 mg for those with hypertension. Salt substitutes, which typically replace sodium with potassium, offer a means to reduce sodium consumption.
The study's authors emphasize the importance of raising awareness among healthcare professionals about the benefits and safe use of salt substitutes, particularly for patients with difficult-to-manage hypertension. Several limitations in the study were noted, including potential misreporting of salt substitute use and the need for further research to understand barriers to their adoption. The findings underscore an opportunity to enhance blood pressure management strategies in the U.S.