A clinical trial involving over 1,900 participants in Brazil and Canada has found that pegylated interferon lambda, a single-shot antiviral drug, may be a promising addition to the treatments for COVID-19, particularly for those at high-risk. Results published in the New England Journal of Medicine showed that those given the drug were half as likely to be admitted to hospital or visit an emergency department than those given a placebo.
Unlike Paxlovid, which is taken in tablet form, interferon lambda has few drug interactions and could be a good option for those who are already on medication or who have difficulty taking pills. Interferons are small proteins that the body naturally produces to defend itself, and they attach to receptors on cells to trigger a wide range of responses to fight off viruses. The study looked at Type III interferon, which attaches to receptors found only in limited places in the body. Participants reported few or no side effects.
Timing of administration is important, according to Tom Hobman, a virologist and cell biologist at the University of Alberta. Jorg Fritz, associate professor in the department of microbiology and immunology at McGill University, also highlighted the need for continued research into new COVID treatments.
Pegylated interferon lambda could be a promising addition to the treatments for COVID-19, however, more research is necessary to determine its effectiveness. It may be beneficial for those at high-risk, due to its low drug interactions and minimal side effects.