The emergence of a new COVID variant, named Cicada (BA.3.2), has been noted as it resurfaces after initially appearing in South Africa in late 2024. The variant is characterized by a significant number of mutations—between 70 and 75—primarily affecting the spike protein, which is the target for the human immune system. Despite these changes, Cicada remains part of the Omicron family of COVID viruses, first identified in 2021, suggesting potential genetic similarities with earlier strains.
Cicada has begun to cause infections in the United States, albeit at lower levels compared to Europe, where it has accounted for approximately 30% of recent COVID cases. The variant is present in over two dozen states, although the reliability of COVID infection data has diminished due to the rise of at-home testing and reduced reporting requirements for health officials.
Vaccines that target Omicron variants, such as JN.1, are expected to offer some protection against Cicada. However, experts suggest that this protection may be less effective against this variant due to its mutations. Dr. William Schaffner, a professor of infectious diseases, notes that many hospitalized COVID patients are those who are not up to date with their vaccinations, particularly within high-risk groups like the elderly.
Symptoms associated with Cicada are consistent with previous COVID variants and include sore throat, fever, and cough. Testing for COVID is still regarded as effective, although more research is needed to determine if Cicada leads to more severe illness compared to its predecessors. The ongoing monitoring and study of this variant will be crucial in understanding its implications for public health.